Overview–
Geotechnical engineering is an area of civil engineering that focuses on the engineering behavior of earth materials. Using the principles of soil and rock mechanics, this sub discipline of geological engineering uses knowledge of geology, geophysics, hydrology and more.
As well as civil engineering, geotechnical engineering is also used in fields such as coastal engineering, offshore construction projects, mining, military and petroleum. While the fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping areas of expertise, engineering geology is closely tied to geology while geotechnical engineering is aligned to civil engineering.
Geotechnical engineers use their knowledge to determine the chemical, mechanical and physical properties of soil and rock for the design of earthworks, foundations and retaining structures. A site investigation of ground conditions is used to determine the depth of foundations, while earthworks may include embankments, channels, bunds and tunnels, and retaining structures include retaining walls and earth-filled dams.
The objectives of the role of geotechnical engineering are to:
1. To assess the general suitability of site
2. To determine the bearing capacity of the soil
3. To select the type and depth of foundation for a given structure estimate max. Probable settlement (total and differential)
4. Investigate the nature and depth of each stratum and assess required properties
5. To select the suitable construction technology based on availability and economy
6. To know the ground water conditions
7. Predict possible difficulties and problems in site and suggest remedial actions
8. Ensure safety of existing structures
9. Investigate the occurrence of any natural or manmade changes in conditions and the result from those changes